Para sa Hopeless Romantic

â€Å"Para sa Hopeless Romantic† by Marcelo Santos III, published in February 14th 2013 by Lifebooks, is a novel composed of 5 love stories of people who embark on a romantic search of their own happy ending. There are Rebecca, Nikko, Ryan, Maria and Jackie. Each one has their own love story to tell. One character is afraid to love again; the other is hoping to find love. Another character is trying to forget while the other one is longing to reunite with a former flame. Santos’ characters seem real, and their experiences taken from real life.Becca is a 3rd year student in PUP as well as Nikko and other characters like Jackie and RJ, and Sir Matt who is Becca’s boss. He made Becca and Nikko like typical college students that have relationship and quarrels. Jackie was made a happy girl, who likes handsome guys like RJ, who likes beautiful ladies on the other hand, a chickboy. Santos made his characters simple and real. Heart-tugging, passionate, and romantic, anyo ne will fall in love with the stories â€Å"Bag at Folder†, â€Å"Upuan†, â€Å"Jeepney†, â€Å"Dota vs Girlfriend†, and â€Å"Katol.†The characters are so relatable particularly to teenagers nowadays. This book may not come in series, but there are rumors that there is another book in the works and maybe an upcoming movie version too. The author, Marcelo Santos III – a beginner in his career, used to be just a blogger but now he’s a short film director, a writer, and a would-be Bestselling author. He graduated at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines in 2011. He got famous for his work, LSOV or Love Story on Video, which spread viral on Youtube that made his career go wider in the internet world.Santos’ goal in writing this novel is to bring inspiration to people experiencing the same problem as those to the characters in the book, to motivate people who are likely to give up to their problems. He also wants to be noti ced by the public, to be more famous, and to make more novels people can relate to nowadays. I’m sure that a lot of people will enjoy reading this book, a lot of teenagers can relate to the characters and to the problems of each character experience in the story, especially issues when it comes to the matter of the heart. Many readers may anticipate for the next book and the movie rumors.

Implementation of Lean Logistics in Harley Davidson

Lean Logistics, simply put, can be described as a way to recognize and eliminate wasteful activities from the supply chain in order to increase product flow and speed. In order to achieve Leaner Logistics; organizations need to implement leaner thinking. Lean production involves eliminating waste and using less labors, materials, time and space. That's why it is save production. This in turn reduces costs. Harley-Davidson Motor Company, the only major U. S. -based motorcycle manufacturer, is known for setting the world standard when it comes to the design and manufacture of heavyweight motorcycles. The company chose UPS Supply Chain Solutions to help set world standards with its logistics processes. Before going lean, the company operated in a cluster of factories that could have been mistaken for an industrial park from the mid-20th century. The lack of automation and other new techniques kept it far behind in terms of operating productivity. But since adding lean to its operations, manufacturing that once comprised 41 buildings has been condensed into one well lit plant that employs more robots than laborers. The company has shaved the number of hourly workers to about 1,000 from more than twice that only three years ago, with more than 100 of these employees on contracts that allow them to come and go as is needed by Harley. Using historic data from the suppliers, the analysts calculated optimal shipping frequencies for each of the suppliers, enabling the company to reduce the rate of regular inbound shipments to three times a week, while also giving the manufacturing plant faster access to larger stocks of parts. UPS Supply Chain Solutions is gradually optimizing the entire Harley-Davidson inbound transportation network, by calculating optimal ship frequencies for all the suppliers and identifying cross-docking opportunities at the other manufacturing facilities. As a result, Harley-Davidson Motor Company is gaining efficiencies throughout its manufacturing operations, while reducing its transportation costs. The comprehensive solution also added value to Harley-Davidson’s shipments of parts and accessories to dealerships. In the previous system, Harley-Davidson shipped parts and accessories to its distribution center in Wisconsin where parts were stocked, picked and packed to fill orders. The orders were delivered by less-than-truckload to dealerships around the country. Leveraging its delivery network, UPS will begin shipping orders of less than 1,000 pounds directly to the Harley-Davidson dealerships. Orders of more than 1,000 pounds will be delivered to a UPS Supply Chain Solutions cross-docking facility in Wisconsin where they will be loaded onto pallets the same day and shipped by less-than-truckload. As a result, Harley-Davidson expects to further reduce its transportation costs and speed up average delivery times of parts and accessories to its dealerships. JIT inventory is the driving force of Harley's quality-improvement program. JIT works on a demand-pull basis and seeks to eliminate all waste and activities which do not add value to the product. Suppliers of Harley had to implement JIT into their production process in order to compliment Harley's system. Previously, Harley utilized a complex, computerized inventory system, Material Requirements Planning, which was based on maintaining high levels of stock, to offset any manufacturing problems, so the assembly line would not be halted. This system was inefficient because it did not address the manufacturing process problems. This is a typical problem with many traditional firms, where planning becomes the focus. Since the focus for traditional firms is planning rather than control, the result is to try and improve planning for next time. Firms then end up not executing these plans but rather planning and re-planning. With the lean approach the focus is on control. Procedures are kept simple, visual and made as routine as possible. With JIT, as each problem is exposed, you are forced to identify its cause, fix it, and move on to the next problem that is revealed. Although JIT system had top management support, without full employee participation in the planning and implementation, Harley's JIT would not have been effective. Harley Davidson’s success with the implementation of JIT had a lot to do with the fact that when JIT was put into practice, process problems could no longer be hidden by costly inventory that helped to meet ship dates. The inefficiencies in the processes were quickly identified and solved.

Assessment item 3 Individual Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assessment item 3 Individual Report - Essay Example largely based on the technological aspect of the business as the more advance the industry and the components are, the more competitive the business can become. So far, the business has been dominated by very few of the companies and it will not be unjust to say that out of all the companies, one company has maintained the most of the share in the market and is considered as the greatest producer of software and other concerned products. That company is the company of Microsoft which has given this business a shape of a Monopoly by dominating the revenues and the products thus controlling the prices and quality of the goods and services produced by it. Since the commencement of the technological era and the advancement in the field of computers and software generation, there has been vast interpretations and scrutiny relating to the market arrangement, pricing and strategic performance of the software development companies. Every time an innovative advancement come up and grows into a vibrant growth approach the initial participants expand enormous benefits as they become the first to add to the practice, the invested resources and the public Therefore, when challengers approach the market, they have to pull alongside prior to the fact that they can struggle to gain the same status. Microsoft can be said to be a good illustration of this fact. Microsoft developed into a monopoly for the reason that it was able to generate and put into effect worldwide data communication benchmarks for personal computers and they did it by producing series of operating systems and by presenting the type of mechanism that may well run their Operating Systems so their merchandise was able to be in each market place that they wanted it to be, thus making it a monopoly in the software business. (Linzmayer 1994) The software business makes Microsoft as a monopoly because of its character of having the advancements in the technology and the economies of scale which do not render

The internment of Japanese-, German- and Italian-Americans during Research Paper

The internment of Japanese-, German- and Italian-Americans during World War II - Research Paper Example This internment was authorized by President Roosevelt on February 19, 1942 under the Executive Order 9066. The wartime incarceration of the Japanese Americans was the biggest mistake made by the Americans which they can only regret by erecting memorial such as that in the national Capitol which reminds them of the 120,000 Japanese American kept in the concentration camp and 26,000 who served in the US army during World War II or by doing extensive and exhaustive research so as to prove their guilt for the action1. The World War II brought with it a series of actions and events which affected Japanese Americans in many ways. The attack on Pearl Harbor along with the overpowering Japanese offensive through the Pacific as well as the Southeast Asia was a stun to the American military leaders as well as the civilian leaders. The US Navy had long realized that the Japan was the most expected enemy since its defeat of the Czarist Russia in 1905. As a result the American intelligence agenci es had made a pre-war plan to ensure the interning of certain enemy â€Å"aliens†.2 Daniels clearly states that the internment of the Japanese American was merely a â€Å"lawless exercise of power by the executive branch† although both the Congress and the Supreme Court gave an absolution for the action. He also draws a distinction between internment and incarceration; since the notion that the Japanese American citizens were treated like members of the Holocaust in â€Å"concentration camps† was considered an abuse to them it was referred by the Americans as â€Å"Assembly Centers† or â€Å"Relocation Centers†. This shows how the treatment of the Japanese Americans was packed with euphemisms.3 It is also been observed by researchers such as Schidkraut that the impact of the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 has revived the American national consciousness with regard to the aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941. This compels one to deeply investigate into the role of American identity in response to the terrorist attacks which have taken place so far. US population underwent an ethnic makeup in real and dramatic scenarios which occurred quite rapidly during World Wars. This led to a change in sentiments of the natives during the mid 1990s. The role of media during the World War II was severe and extremely brutal in terms of American national consciousness. This was evident by the following piece of information recollected by Schidkraut, â€Å"During WWII, media commentators said we need not worry that bombing cities in Japan might kill innocent civilians because there was no such thing as an innocent Japanese civilian.†4 Studying from the perspective of the Japanese-American and what they went through when they learnt of this incarceration, several researches reveal how hard it was for the Japanese Americans to pack their bags and leave the comfort of their homes to a seclusion which had no prescribed limit. At first they were taken to the Assembly Centers from where they were to be moved to the relocation centers. For others it was known as either the internment or to be kept in the concentration camps. This was the beginning of the loss of freedom for the Japanese Americans. The Americans started to marginalize any outsider or immigrant from any other country including Japan. They called such people aliens. Those aliens who entered the US legally were eligible to apply for citizenship later

Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Plagiarism - Essay Example I acknowledge the fact that I have copied word-for-word but most of the text was not paraphrased or copied at all. In no way did I mean any disrespect for the work and the ideas laid down by the writers and reproduce it as my own creation. I apologize again for the plagiarized portion of my paper as I did not intentionally indulge in this activity. I am student with different cultural background and English writing is not my forte at the moment. I am having problems in writing assignments because I have problems in paraphrasing texts from books because of my English and for the said reason I copied word for word. In my home country, the teaching and writing practices taught to us are very different. There is no concept of plagiarism therefore we could copy word-for-word without referencing it. Due to different cultural backgrounds I am trying to understand the learning styles of this country and this reputed institute. I did not use the two required materials as I was unable to find the relevant material. I acknowledge the fact that I did not conduct an extensive research regarding the materials as I was under medication. In addition to my health position, I had to complete my papers and reports on other subjects. In the midst of these activities I was unable to time myself appropriately and draw up a proper time table. Although this sort of act does not justify my actions still I am deeply sorry for what I have done. Following my act of plagiarism in regards to the prima facie case, I have been summoned to attend a counseling meeting.

Law - Devolution Scheme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law - Devolution Scheme - Essay Example Firstly, the departmental responsibility has been divided and unsettled (House of Commons 2009). This is a clear suggestion of the downfall of the scheme. Clarification of where the responsibility of the system of devolution lies in the following things. Firstly, the coherence of the system must be maintained as a whole. The constitutional issues should be dealt with only when the need arises. Additionally, the mutual relationship between the Whitehall departments and the devolved administrations should not be replaced. Furthermore, the government of the UK should not be recentralized in the breaching of the sole purpose of devolution. Failure t act to the suggestions implicated above means that the devolution scheme will be scraped off and a federal United Kingdom created in which the responsibility of each department will be enforced in a written constitution. Questions have also risen as to whether the devolved governments, which are a part of the United Kingdom, should have indiv idual Secretaries of the State in the Cabinet (Raco 2003). The relationships which exist between the administrations which are continuing to mature, the Secretary of State’s role has continued to decrease. This has raised questions and it has created need that the separation of the offices must be put forward. Any suggestion to change the role of the Secretary of State for Wales must put in to consideration that the process is still new. If individuals Secretaries of the State are created in the cabinet, this will force the devolution scheme to be scrapped of and a federal system of government will be introduced in which individual secretaries of the states exist. According to Morelli and Seaman (2007), the devolution process of the United Kingdom in terms of both income and social inclusion does not have any income equality. An instance of the inequality in income of devolution can be seen in the two most established instances of devolution. That is Scotland and Wales. Accor ding to a survey done by the British Household Panel, its data suggests that devolution appears to have had no discernable force on inequality on income (Wright 2005). This type of weakness might also lead to a federal government or a union government. This will enable each state to concentrate on its income equality. The United Kingdom will no longer have powers to grant statutory powers to the other countries. This is an implication that a union state will have to be introduced or a federal government introduced. The issue of the constitution of the UK being an ever changing character may also result to the failure of the devolution scheme. Instead of possessing a single document, many statutes of the Parliament exist. The parliament is usually made up of the queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons habitually has the legislations’ weight (Bradley & Ewing 2003). If any changes are to be done to the constitution concerning the devolution schem e, all the parties involved must be questioned. In order to eradicate the fact that House of Commons and the United Kingdom legislature having all the statutory powers, this means that a union state will be introduced

MSc Practical UNIX Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MSc Practical UNIX Security - Essay Example Furthermore, in the UNIX system's early periods, security feature was almost absent. Then, the UNIX system became the first operating system to undergo attacks raised over the promising Internet. With the passage of time, the security arrangement moved from centralized to distributed verification and permission systems (UNIX Systems Cooperative Promotion Group, 1997) and (The Open Group, 2010). This paper discusses various security aspects of UNIX operating system along with some types of attack that can be applied to UNIX operating system. The basic aim of this paper is to describe in a systematic manner the significance of systems configuration and management and how to undertake systems configuration and management for a UNIX system. Security Considerations With the advancements in the technology the chances of security attacks and their intensity is also increasing. In the past, a lot of security and privacy attacks have greatly influenced a large number of organizations and busi nesses. Some well known examples of these attacks include, security develops Nimda, Code Red, RPC buffer overflows, SQL Slammer Worm, SSH vulnerabilities. Thus, to deal with such new types of security attacks a good security management patch as well as effective security strategy is very important, which can help secure organization’s systems and networks. Seeing that the businesses having a high-quality patch security strategy (which implemented all the recognized patches to the target systems) were not influenced or were least influenced as compared to those businesses which neglected patch security strategies and faced harsh issues like business downtime of numerous days and failure of business effort (code as well as data). In this scenario, all the practical systems have their own techniques for implementing security patches. Additionally, HP-UX, Solaris and AIX program and patch installation techniques allow the elimination of an application or a patch by restoring some overwritten operating system files as the â€Å"save† alternative is employed (that is the default option). In addition, the capability to get rid of a (reminded) security patch makes simpler patch administration on these systems liberating the manager from planning routine techniques for patch management and permitting the administrator to focus on improving system security. For this purpose, HP, Sun and IBM offered standard security patch packages for download a number of times every year, in addition to individual patch downloads as well as patch announcement services which can be received via electronic mail (without paying registration fee). Moreover, specific patch downloads are always available at retailer’s websites and a few mirrors for Red Hat Linux. However, the accessibility of alternatives is significant, for the reason that standard patch packages make simpler the normal application of patches as well as get rid of the need for numerous reboots and/or sy stem configuration changes, as individual patch downloads permit the system application of a security patch at the instant as it is accessible (Tsitsivas et al., 2003), (Zheng & Zhang, 2009), (Curphey & Araujo, 2006) and (Ray, 2004). UNIX Security Overview Normally, all UNIX-based or other systems encompass particular log on procedures. However, these procedures depend on

Need for new models in the public safety leadership Research Paper - 1

Need for new models in the public safety leadership - Research Paper Example The new systems that have been put in place are merely a decade or two old and do leave much to be desired (Purpura, 2007, p. 102). The insufficiency and failure on the part of public safety organizations do gives way to much public outcry and solicit ample political attention. A lack of coordination and synergy between the Federal, State and local response systems further complicates the problem. The public safety organizations are constantly under pressure to envisage and promulgate the training standards that are designed on pragmatic and national standards (Purpura, 2007, p. 195). Besides in the sphere of public safety, the new systems need to take into consideration the available technologies and IT inputs. At the same time the need to upgrade the existing systems is pressing and inevitable. It is a known fact that the citizens today whom the public safety organizations are required to serve have access to varied communication technologies and tend to communicate with a wide arr ay of possibilities be they the wireless or mobile networks or the internet. Such daunting challenges and issues bring into question the vision behind the conventional leadership models supporting the public safety organizations. After 9/11, no further facts are needed to corroborate the truth that the existing leadership models in the public safety organizations leave much to be desired. The modern public safety organizations are desperately in need of the more up to date and complex models of leadership. There is no denying the fact that the challenges and issues that the public safety organizations have to put up with in the current times tend to be quiet unconventional and demanding. Though all forms of organized human endeavor requires the apt leadership models, still public safety is an aspect of human social organization that simply cannot do without an effective and

The Use of Knowledge in Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Use of Knowledge in Society - Essay Example Since the process of decision making process is heavily influenced by the type of knowledge possessed and the type of organizations involved, the motivation for decision making i.e. the type and level of knowledge possessed by them, is of crucial significance. This essay on ‘Use of knowledge in Society’ aims to discuss, analyse, and assess the views put forward by the author, F. A. Hayek (1945) and ascertain the implications of the claims made in view of various micro-economic theories and concepts. Summary: The article by Hayek (1945) on the use of knowledge in society discusses the various merits and influence of price mechanisms on the decision making process and role of specific knowledge as a decision-making mechanism. He states that â€Å"The peculiar character of the problem of a rational economic order is determined precisely by the fact that the knowledge of the circumstances of which we must make use never exists in concentrated or integrated form but solely a s the dispersed bits of incomplete and frequently contradictory knowledge which all the separate individuals possess (p. 519)." He implies that that it is humanly impossible for a single individual to possess all the relevant information to arrive at a favourable decision. The quest of individuals with regard to addressing the economic problem is hence not about applying the available information or knowledge for optimum utilization of resources but rather on the manner in which the best possible resources can be acquired by means of the limited knowledge available at our disposal. Merits of the argument: Product specific or consumer specific knowledge is known to help firms / organizations in maximizing their profits and sustaining their competitive positioning in the industry. The application of market oriented specific knowledge by the organizations helps firms in warding off competition and in developing effective strategies. Critical information or knowledge regarding one's com petitors such as products, prices, or policies adopted by them etc., plays a key role in producing market/ consumer oriented ideas/ products thus helping organizations in effectively catering to their target consumer/ market segment (Glazer, 1991). Such market / consumer oriented strategies developed based specific knowledge provides organizations with a competitive advantage (Barney, 1991) and helps them in succeeding regardless of the presence of negative influences / obstacles in the external environment (Jaworski and Kohli, 1993; Narver and Slater, 1990). Hayek has stressed the relevance and significance of knowledge in the development of society stating that awareness and application of specific knowledge is likely to contribute towards the overall development of the society and it is hence vital for individuals and societies to acquire and apply such knowledge for generating and maximizing their profits. Since capital is by far the most critical input of production in an indus trial society, possession of appropriate knowledge is inevitable for enabling effective decision making in order

Latin American Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Latin American Politics - Essay Example There is no such ideal situation defining the real state of democracy, in fact there may be a narrowed down democracy in certain countries or there may be a broaden concept of democracy prevailing in the others. The narrowed democracy is a situation where certain aspects of democracy are existent while the others are entirely invisible, for instance in Peru. In such cases the governments are purely appointed by the people and are very much people-oriented, but there some problems of democracy are also prominent, such as the freedom of speech, the liberty of press, the development of human rights and the free establishment of organizations fostering such attitudes in society. These problems arise because in a narrowed down democracy, the government that has been selected by the people is not willing to provide such a freedom to its people. Conversely, in a broaden concept of democracy that can be spotted in most of the developed countries of the world, where the people do not only exercise the power of selection and appointment of a government, but also are bestowed with complete human rights, freedom of speech, liberty of press and expression of ideas. ... The democracy in Latin America is on the way to extinction. The political history of Latin America is full of attacks on democracy, giving a deteriorated picture of democracy in the region. Its history reveals a series of confrontation with pure democracies as well as pure dictatorships. In Latin America, the first move of peoples' attitude from democracy came into existence even before the year 1989. This change in peoples' attitude towards democracy dates back to the period of 1960s when the youth of Latin America were in a great number shifted towards the socialist view rather than a democratic view of government. But during the year 1980 and ever since after that time there has been a continuous effort for the re-establishment and re-development of democracy in Latin America. However, these efforts were less successful in their aim every time for so many reasons. This has not been just the case in Latin America; in fact even in the case of countries with relatively broader concept of democracy than Latin America, the problems of democracy can be spotted. A principle example to this approach may be Mexico, which is a country that has been continuously heading towards an advanced form of democratic government. Brazil and Peru have also been confronted with the same situation in their progression towards a more democratic government. The general situation is worsening in these countries with respect to human right motives and activities. In Mexico, the governments pay no consideration to the development of their people in the setting of their political objectives. Most of the people are living strictly hand to mouth in the country. Consequently, there has been much widely prevalence of criminal offences and also the Guerilla movements

System analysis Essay Example for Free

System analysis Essay As system analysts to ensure I. R. C get the job done I am going to introduce the three basic and main steps. These are Input, Process and Output. The first step will be using Inputs such as keyboards, mouse, scanner and many other inputs. The keyboard allows me to input and type text about special features and offers which I can include in the newsletter or the flyer to promote and advertise my business. It allows me to store information about the customers and there order details . The mouse has many features such as allowing me to point and click in a certain column and also editing any mistakes made. The mouse lets me insert images in to the newsletter and also copy any text to add information regarding the image. While creating the business card I inputted my logo using the copy and paste option from the mouse. I inserted text in the newsletter and also some images which showed the customers the quality of our service. I achieved this through the special features of the inputting devices. The process illustrates how I went about creating the newsletter in order to promote I. R. C. I will be using a catalogue wizard in microsoft publisher as a guideline to go about and set up the layout of the newsletter. The text that is already present in the box, I will use as a guideline so that I know what text to insert in the appropriate place. I Yasin Mirza 1/1/05 will first change the layout of the guideline to match the requirements of I. R. C and then edit the appearance of the colours and the text. I will be using the mouse to insert images which have already been saved on to a floppy disk. I will be using word art to highlight special offers and subheadings this will enable me to make these stand out and change the colour, size, font and style of the text to make it more appealing to the readers. Using microsoft publisher I am able to add a special feature in the newsletter which allows me to have the choice of adding a coupon and a box for customer details. The Output such as the monitor and printer shows the newsletter in its early/late stages of development. The monitor will display the newsletter and I will be using the printer to print out the draft of the newsletter. If I am unsatisfied with the result and quality of the newsletter I can then go back and edit the problems. I can then view the corrections made on the monitor and then print it out again. As an option feature I intend to place the newsletter online on I.R. C s website and the speakers act as an output and the speakers can be used to listen to music and sounds on the site developed by flash software. The company will use floppy disks, cd- roms, and portable hard drives to store and backup information. Floppy disks will be used to store general specifications and receipts. The portable hard drives will be used to store customer and payment details as well company software as the portable hard drives have a vast amount of storage space. The PHD (portable hard drive) is a ideal backing up device as in an emergence if Yasin Mirza 1/1/05 I. R. Cs system becomes damaged in some way then you can transfer the work on to the phd. The cd-roms will be used to store back up information from the floppys. To ensure unauthorised access each member of staff will be given a general user name (staff) and separate password which will allow them to access, edit and view customer, payment and specifications details. To increase security and ensure data integrity (data is not deleted by any random user) we will give admin authorization to managers with a separate username and password to have all system which allows them to access and view, add and delete any details regarding customers.

Jane’s Asylum Memorandum and Elian Gonzalez Case Brief Essay Example for Free

Jane’s Asylum Memorandum and Elian Gonzalez Case Brief Essay Question Presented Under the Immigration and Naturalization Service requirements for filing a petition for asylum in the U.S., can a relative submit an application on behalf of a minor? Short Answer No. Minors can submit a petition for asylum in the United States, because the Supreme Court feels that application for asylum cannot be made against the wishes of a parent, if the child lacks the mental capacity to request asylum. A third person cannot speak on the behalf of a minor because it is the right of the parent to speak on behalf of his child in the court. Statement of Facts Jane is 14 years old. She has Canadian citizenship and has no dual citizenship with any other country. Her father is a Canadian citizen and her mother is an American citizen. Her parents have been divorced for six years. Her father, John, has primary guardianship in Quebec. During the school breaks and holiday vacations, she lives with her mother, Anne, in New York. John is a high-level government minister, working on creating an independent French Canadian State. Under Canadian law, both Anne and John retained full custodial and parental rights following the divorce. Six months ago, Jane was living in New York during a school break. During the break, Jane telephoned her father asking to be allowed to return to Quebec. John advised her to stay the remainder of the break and try to get along with her mother. Two days later, at 6:00pm, Anne returned from work to find a message on her answering machine from Jane, saying that she was going to live with her uncle, Billy, in California. He is 21 years old. Jane’s message stated that she hated both of her parents and believed that neither of them cared about her at all. Her father received a similar message. Anne died on the way to the airport to catch up with Jane. Jane refuses to return to Canada. Billy wants to file an asylum petition with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services on Jane’s behalf since she is a minor. He claims that Jane is afraid to return to Canada due to propaganda issues. Jane claims that other rebellious children and adults who disagree with the goals of the government have been used for propaganda purposes Application The issue of asylum is not always easy and special notes are particularly made for asylum when it seekers involve minors. The United Nations General Assembly recognized and accepted international instruments and documents that contain provisions specifically relating to children. They recognize and promote the principle that childrens rights are human rights, and that childrens rights are universal. See, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, (1948)(e.g., Article 14 provides for the right to apply for asylum, Article 25(2) refers to the special care and assistance required for children). Pursuant to 8 U.S.C 12  §1158 (2004), any foreigner physically in the United States, irrespective of such alien’s status, may apply for asylum. The Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General may grant asylum to any who have filed for asylum and has completed the requirements and followed the required procedures, Id.  § 1158(b) (1) (a). The next part of the issue is who can file for the minor. Jane would be classified as either a minor principal or an unaccompanied minor according to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. The difference between the two is a minor principal is a person under the age of 18 when filing for asylum by one’s own right, as opposed to as a derivative family member on a parent’s or spouse’s asylum application. An unaccompanied minor principal applicant for asylum who is under 18 years of age and who has no parent or legal guardian in the U.S. who is available to provide care and physical custody. This definition encompasses separated minors, e.g., those who are separated from their parents or guardians, but who are in the informal care and physical custody of other adults, including family members. See, Homeland Security Act 6 U.S.C.  §279 (2002). The latter is better fitting in Jane’s case. Because she is under the age of 18, she left the care of her parent, has no living parent in the United States, and in the physical care of an adult family member. The last part of issue one is the filing an application for asylum be a child. .In Gonzalez v. Reno, 86 F. Supp. 2d 1167 (S.D. Fla. 2000), aff’d, the court found that a child with out mental capacity cannot file asylum against the wishes of parent. In Polovchak, the court concluded the minimum age of 12 was the lowest for the age of majority needed to distinguish the child’s asylum interests that different from those of their parents. Polovchak v. Meese, 774 F.2d 731 (7th Cir. 1985). Jane has a particular fear of being used, as propaganda, in a province political issue will not affect her age to form a political opinion. Matters pertaining to persecution of political opinions of a minor differing than those of a parent cannot be a rejection due to age. See, Civil v. INS, 140 F.3d 52 (1st Cir 1998); Matter of S-P, Int. Dec. 3287 (BIA 1996)(stating that the Ninth Circuit has recognized imputed political opinion as a ground for satisfying the refugee definition). In 1994, The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stated, that children and adolescents are entitled to special attention because their needs, and their legal and social status, can be significantly different from those of adults, and from each other as well, due to age-related developmental differences†, Conclusion In conclusion, Jane’s uncle, Billy, cannot file for a petition for asylum on Jane’s behalf. Jane can seek and file a petition for asylum in the United States on her own. Since Jane is 14 years old, she has the mental capacity to file for asylum because the courts view mental capacity for petition of children asylum seekers be at the minimum age of 12. In addition, the claim of being used as propaganda tool to further her father’s actions to have the province become an independent from the Canadian government, allows Jane to have different political opinions of her father. Jane’s status would make her an unaccompanied minor. Her applicant status means that she is an applicant for asylum because she is under 18, has no parent or legal guardian in the U.S, has no legal parent living in the U.S., and is in the informal care and physical custody of an adult family member. It is my opinion that she would have successful results in seeking, filing, and receiving asylum in the U.S. CITATION: Gonzalez v. Reno, 86 F. Supp. 2d 1167 (S.D. Fla. 2000) FACTS: The parties to this case are Elian Gonzalez with Lazaro Gonzalez and Attorney General Janet Reno. Six-year-old Cuban national Elian Gonzalez became the focus of international attention five months ago, on November 25, 1999, when he was rescued by two Miami anglers who found him floating on an inner tube several miles off Fort Lauderdale. Elian was transferred to a United States Coast Guard vessel so he could be transported to a nearby hospital for treatment for dehydration and hypothermia. Elians mother, Elisabeth Brotons, drowned during the voyage from Cuba. The INS temporarily paroled him into the care of Lazaro Gonzalez, his great uncle, in Miami. On January 19, 2000, Lazaro Gonzalez, instituted this action as next friend, or alternatively as interim temporary legal custodian, of Elian Gonzalez, a six-year-old child, against the Attorney General, the Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), and other federal defendants. The complaint challenged the INSs refusal to accept and adjudicate two asylum applications that Lazaro submitted with respect to Elian and an essentially identical application that bore Elian’s signature. On January 27, 2000, the government filed a motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, for summary judgment. The district court heard oral argument on the governments motion on March 9, 2000. On March 21, 2000, the district court granted the governments motion to dismiss or for summary judgment and dismissed the case. Plaintiff appealed. On April 19, 2000, this Court issued an injunction pending appeal, barring Elians removal from the United States during the pendency of this app eal ISSUE: 1. Whether the district court was correct in holding that Elian Gonzalez has no due process rights concerning the manner in which the INS considered the asylum applications filed on his behalf. 2. Whether the INSs thoroughly considered and crafted approach to considering asylum applications submitted by a third party on behalf of a six-year-old child, against the express wishes of the childs sole surviving parent. RULE: 1. An unadmitted alien cannot challenge decisions by INS officials with regard to their applications for admission, asylum, or parole on constitutional grounds 2. An application for asylum cannot be made against the wishes of a parent, if the child lacks the mental capacity to request asylum and a third person cannot speak on the behalf of a minor because it is the right of the parent to speak on behalf of his child in the court. ANALYSIS: The Court felt that the district court ruled correctly on its holding that Elian Gonzalez had no due process rights in the way the Attorney General considered the asylum applications submitted for him. The ruling on due process was found to lack merit because aliens seeking admission to the United States . . . have no constitutional rights with regard to their applications, Jean v. Nelson, 727 F.2d 957, 968 (11th Cir. 1984). Although the statute requires the existence of some application procedure so that aliens may apply for asylum, section 1158 says nothing about the particulars of that procedure, 8 U.S.C.  § 1158. The matter for decision is not up for the courts to decide but for the agency to enforcing the statute, in this case the INS, to choose how to fill such gaps. See Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984), 104 S. Ct. at 2793 The second issue was who could actually speak for Elian Gonzalez. The INS Commissioner reached a decision that a six year old is too young to file an asylum claim on his own. It was therefore the job of the Attorney General Reno’s job to determine who should speak for the child, and she found that the father, Juan Miguel, should speak for the child. In Polovchak v. Meese, 774 F.2d 731 (7th Cir. 1985, the court concluded the minimum age of 12 was the lowest for the age of majority needed to distinguish the child’s asylum interests that different from those of their parents. Lazaro Gonzalez application for guardianship was not allowed because the matter was with immigration lending it to be a federal matter. CONCLUSION: The courts ruled that an alien seeking asylum has no constitutional right to do so, thus removing the power to assert a right to due process under the law. Since Elian was an alien, the Attorney General had full custody over his status. On the second point was could Elian through a third party bring an application for asylum on his behalf. Because Elian was only six years old, he lacked the legal capacity to file for himself. The court felt that only the father could speak for his child. Since the application for asylum was in direct conflict with his wishes, the court saw no reason to reverse the lower court decision therefore sending the child back to his homeland. Had Elian been at least 12 years of age and could articulate the reasons for his fear of being returned to Cuba

Cahi-DRB and DQB1 Alleles in Sirohi Goat

Cahi-DRB and DQB1 Alleles in Sirohi Goat Genetic diversity of DRB and DQB genes of caprine MHC class II in Sirohi goat G. R. Gowane, Najif Akram, S.S. Misra, Ved Prakash and Arun Kumar Running Head: CahiDRB and DQB1 alleles in Sirohi goat ABSTRACT Objective of the study was to assess the genetic diversity of the Sirohi goat for DRB and DQB1 loci and to study their association with antibody response induced by the Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccine. A total of 360 Sirohi kids were studied using Single Stranded Confirmation Polymorphism (SSCP) followed by Sequence Based Typing (SBT)-PCR for DRB and DQB1 diversity. C-ELISA was used to assess immune response post PPR vaccination. Study revealed rich diversity of MHC region. A total of 18 DRB and 15 DQB1 alleles were obtained. Allele DRB*0104 and allele DQB1*0101 were most common. All the alleles reported are new. Study revealed variability in DRB and DQB1 region not only at nucleotide but also at amino acid level with high Wu-Kabat index. A total of 16 out of 89 amino acid residue sites had more than 3 amino acid substitutions in DRB. Similarly, 19 out of 86 residue sites in DQB1 had more than 3 amino acid substitutions. Positive evolutionary selection was evident in Sirohi for MHC region. Non-significant association of DRB and DQB1 genotypes with PPRV vaccine response revealed complexity of the phenotype and importance of other factors for vaccine response. Rich diversity of DRB and DQB1 gene reflects the fitness of the population and importance of this locus for future selection programs. Keywords: Cahi-DRB, Cahi-DQB1, Major histocompatibility complex, Vaccine response 1. Introduction Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) of goats is polymorphic. A few of the genes such as Caprine Leukocyte Antigen (Cahi)-DRB and Cahi-DQB1 from this complex are recently being investigated for their polymorphism and further potential association with important diseases of goat. The class II antigens encoded by MHC class II genes bind to processed peptides from extracellular antigens and present them to epitope specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. Cahi-DRB exon 2 is polymorphic so is Cahi-DQB1, due to their importance in antigen binding groove formation and evolutionary importance in antigen capture and presentation. Peptide binding site (PBS) in goat is partly coded by DRB and DQB gene. This PBS has several pockets which are highly variable and accommodate the side chains of the bound peptide. A non-synonymous change in the nucleotide sequence of the MHC DRB or DQB1 gene can substantially substitute the coding amino acid and ultimately bring conformational change in the binding groove so as to affect the efficiency of the protein to present the antigen efficiently for further processing. Several reports exists which link the variability in DRB alleles in cattle, sheep and other mammals to resistance or susceptibility to diseases. Herrmann-Hoesing et al. [1] reported that Ovar-DRB1 alleles contribute as a host genetic factor that control provirus level in sheep. Significant association of DRB1 alleles with susceptibility and resistance to Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) was reported by Larruskain et al. [2] in sheep. However as far as studies on goat are concerned, there are very few caprine DRB and DQB1 sequences in Gene Bank. Similarly, there is a scarcity of research database for allelic association of DRB and DQB alleles with disease resistance or susceptibility in goat. It is for no surprise that even the IPD-MHC database has no space dedicated for goat MHC. Amills et al. [3] assessed the genetic variability in DRB of goat. This was followed by a few report s [4-8] to characterize DRB locus (exon 2 of DRB) in goat. Amills et al. (2004) also characterized DQB1 locus in goat, however not much work [9] has been carried out since then for its genetic polymorphism. Genetic variability in response to vaccination is likely to become an even more significant factor in designing ideal vaccines [10]. The genes identified might also be important for disease resistance traits, and could potentially provide the tools to select good responders opening the doors for potential implications in future selection programme [11,12]. The Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) being the plague of small ruminants pose heavy threat to the rural economy of India. It is caused by a PPR virus (PPRV) of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. India constitutes a great diversity of small ruminants with 135.17 million goat and 65.07 million sheep (19th Livestock census) [13]. In PPRV endemic regions including India, control measures involve regular vaccination with live attenuated PPR virus vaccine of lineage IV, which has high antigenic stability and induce long term immune response [14]. Currently, three live attenuated PPR vaccines (Sungri/96, Arasur/87 and CBE/97 stains) are available in India for prevention of this disease, of which, Sungri/96, developed by ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar has undergone extensive field trial [15-17]. It is possible that the vaccine induced protection across individuals is not homogenous, wherein, vaccine gives a complete protection for a proportion of individuals while rest acquire only incomplete (leaky) protection of varying magnitude [18]. Variable vaccine response in the population has been reported for several diseases in humans as well as animals [19-27]. Role of host genetics and other non-genetic factors in variation to vaccine response especially for PPR vaccine has not been studied till today in details. The importance of host genetics in vaccine response studies is important as genetic variability may influence vaccine response and hence confound vaccine efficacy studies. Objective of the present study is to decipher the Cahi-DRB and Cahi-DQB1 polymorphisms in detail using sequence based typing polymerase chain reaction (SBT-PCR) and to associate the variation obtained with PPR vaccine elicited immune response in Sirohi goat kids maintained at the farm condition in semi-arid region of India. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Animals The study population was a flock of purebred Sirohi goats. The flock was located at ICAR-Central Sheep Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar in the semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India at 75025â‚ ¬Ã‚ ²E, 26018â‚ ¬Ã‚ ²N, at an altitude of 320 m above mean sea level. The data for the experiment involved 360 Sirohi goat kids. All the animals under the study belonged to same age group, i.e. weaner with mean age at vaccination 142.43 days (SD = 14.67). All the animals in this flock were kept under semi-intensive management system.   Concentrate mixture was offered ad libitum to suckling kids from 15 days of age till weaning (90 days). After 3 weeks of age till weaning, kids were sent for grazing for 3 h each in morning and evening, but not along with their dams. During the post-weaning period in addition to 8-10 h grazing and dry fodder supplementation, 300 g of concentrate mixture was provided in the evening hours after browsing. The grazing area consisted of forestland with natur al fodder trees like Khejri (Prosopis cineraria), Ardu (Ailanthus spp.), and Neem (Azadirecta indica). Bushes and surface vegetation including the improved pastures of Cenchrus ciliarisis are also available. Due to scarce grazing resources from March to June, the goats were supplemented with hay of Cenchrus, Cowpea, and Dolichos; pala leaves (Zizyphus) and fodder tree lopping. 2.2 Amplification and typing of DRB alleles Whole blood (1 ml) was collected aseptically from the jugular vein of lambs for DNA isolation (GenElute Blood Genomic DNA Kit, SIGMA) according to the manufacturers instructions. Exon 2 of the DRB gene was amplified from genomic DNA using the primers as suggested by Amills et al. [3], where DRB.1: 5-TATCCCGTCTCTGCAGCACATTTC-3 and DRB.2: 5-TCGCCGCTGCACACTGAAACTCTC-3 primers were used for amplifying 285 bp product. The reaction mixture of 50ÃŽÂ ¼l comprised of: 10X Taq Buffer (05ÃŽÂ ¼l), 25mM MgCl2 (03ÃŽÂ ¼l), 10mM dNTP (1ÃŽÂ ¼l), 20 pmol (1ÃŽÂ ¼l) of each primer, Taq DNA Polymerase (1IU), Template (1ÃŽÂ ¼l) and Nuclease Free Water (NFW) to make 50ÃŽÂ ¼l. The thermal profile was optimized for amplification of the DRB exon2 as follows: Initial denaturation (94 °C for 4 min), followed by 35 cycles (denaturation for 94 °C for 60 s, annealing at 66 °C for 60s and extension at 72 °C for 60s) and a final extension at 72 °C for 5 min. A single clear band of 285 bp on agarose gel (2%) was obtained. The amplified products were subjected to Single Stranded Confirmation Polymorphism (SSCP) for determination of the genotypic variation [28]. The samples were then grouped according to various genotypes as obtained on the SSCP gel. The representative samples were then again amplified using the PCR protocol as above and purified PCR products (GenElute„ ¢ Gel Extraction Kit, SIGMA) were sequenced by BigDye (Applied Biosystems, USA) sequencing reaction that exploits di-deoxy chain termination principle. The PCR-Sequence Based Typing (PCR-SBT) was used for further analysis. The homozygous sequences obtained were assigned an allelic name using nomenclature system as suggested by Ballingall and Tassi [29] to suit IPD MHC nomenclature system. The heterozygote samples were re-sequenced after cloning (InsTAclone PCR Cloning Kit, Thermo Fisher) to obtain one allele that was subsequently used to deduce another allele in heterozygous sample. Novel alleles were cloned, sequenced and confir med at least thrice. The amino acids at pocket positions were determined from the nucleotide sequences of the alleles using EditSeq software package V5.0 [30]. Alleles which were derived and not confirmed in SBT-PCR were not named. 2.3 Amplification and typing of DQB1 alleles Exon 2 of the DQB1 gene was amplified from genomic DNA using the primers as described by Amills et al. [31], where DQB-F: 5- CCC CGC AGA GGA TTT CGT G -3 and DQB-R: 5- ACC TCG CCG CTG CCA GGT -3 primers were used for amplifying 280 bp product having 8bp intron1, 270bp exon2 and 2bp intron2. The reaction mixture of 50ÃŽÂ ¼l comprised of: 10X Taq Buffer (05ÃŽÂ ¼l), 25mM MgCl2 (03ÃŽÂ ¼l), 10mM dNTP (1ÃŽÂ ¼l), 20 pmol (1ÃŽÂ ¼l) of each primer, Taq DNA Polymerase (1IU), Template (1ÃŽÂ ¼l) and Nuclease Free Water (NFW) to make 50ÃŽÂ ¼l. The thermal profile was optimized for amplification of the DQB exon2 as follows: Initial denaturation (94 °C for 4 min), followed by 35 cycles (denaturation for 94 °C for 45 s, annealing at 67 °C for 45s and extension at 72 °C for 45s) and a final extension at 72 °C for 5 min. A single clear band of 280 bp on agarose gel (2%) was obtained. The amplified products were subjected to Single Stranded Confirmation Polymorphism (SSCP ) for determination of the genotypic variation [28]. The samples were then grouped according to various genotypes as obtained on the SSCP gel. The PCR-SBT approach was used for analysis. Alleles were named as per requirements of the IPD-MHC database [29], derived alleles were not named. 2.4 PPR Vaccination, Sampling and ELISA for detection of antibody against PPRV vaccine As part of the scheduled vaccination program, the animals were vaccinated (1 ml subcutaneous) with freeze dried live attenuated PPR virus (Sungri 96 strain) vaccine with PPR virus titre †°Ã‚ ¥ 102.5 TCID50 (Raksha-PPR, Indian Immunologicals, India).   Whole blood was collected aseptically by jugular vein puncture from the kids at 28 days post vaccination (28DPV) for serum separation. Serum was collected and stored at ˆ’20- ¦C until testing. The ELISA for further analysis was done as described earlier [27]. 2.6 Statistical Analysis The allelic frequencies, genotypic frequencies, phylogenetic analysis and residue substitution was studied using Microsoft excel package of the MS office (2010) and EditSeq (DNA STAR) software. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 4.0, neighbor joining method. To assess the effect of genotype on vaccine response (observed PI values), a General Linear Model (GLM) was used that included Cohort (2 levels), Sex (2 levels), age at vaccination (continuous) as fixed effects along with either DRB or DQB1 genotype. All the above analyses were performed using a statistical package SPSS [32]. 2.7 The dn/ds ratio and Wu Kabat variability index The frequencies of non-synonymous (dn) versus synonymous (ds) substitutions were calculated by the method of Yang and Nielsen [33] with the help of software PAML 4 [34]. The Wu Kabat variability index with respect to amino acids at peptide binding pockets was calculated using the formula given by Wu and Kabat [35]. Index =  Ã‚  Ã‚   The number of different amino acids occurring at a given position  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Frequency of the most common amino acid at the position Where, frequency of the common amino acid is obtained as number of times the most common amino acid occurs divided by the total number of protein examined. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Genetic variability for DRB Sirohi goat kids (N=360) were typed for DRB exon 2. A total of 18 new alleles were obtained after analysis in the population using SBT-PCR approach (Table 1). Out of the 18 alleles, 12 alleles were confirmed by cloning and sequencing, however 6 were derived using SBT-PCR. All 12 alleles were new and named as per the requirements of the Immuno-Polymorphism Database (IPD) following guidelines [29]. Alleles were Cahi-DRB*0701  Ã‚   (accession no. KX431913), Cahi-DRB*0104  Ã‚   (accession no. KX431914), Cahi-DRB*0402 (accession no. KX431915), Cahi-DRB*0102  Ã‚   (accession no. KX431916), Cahi-DRB*0202  Ã‚   (accession no. KX431917), Cahi-DRB*0501 (accession no. KX431918), Cahi-DRB*0401 (accession no. KX431919), Cahi-DRB*0103 (accession no. KX431920), Cahi-DRB*0203 (accession no. KX431921), Cahi-DRB*0101 (accession no. KX431922), Cahi-DRB*0201 (accession no. KX431923) and Cahi-DRB*0601 (accession no. KX431924). A total of 6 new alleles were derived using PCR-SBT approach, however not given names as per IPD-MHC nomenclature (N7, N11, N13, N16, N17, N18). Allele CahiDRB*0104 had highest frequency 29.72% followed by *0701 allele (22.64%), *0202 (13.89%) and *0102 (11.25%). In congruence with our finding, rich diversity of this region has been reported earlier in different goat breeds worldwide [3-8]. However, most of the studies were carried out using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) PCR, whereas, the current method of SSCP followed by SBT-PCR has more power to detect the genetic variability at DRB in goat. The ratio of non-synonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) substitution for DRB gene in the Sirohi goat population was 3.24. This ratio was significantly greater than 1 indicating positive evolutionary selection for DRB gene in the present populations. However, the results are read with caution as the evidence is presumed and not absolute, due to lack of evidence for Capra species. It may be impossible to infer the selection pressure from the dN/dS measurement [36]. In another study, 11.1 ratio for dN/dS was recorded in Peptide Binding Region of 12 Chinese indigenous goats for DRB*02 sequences [6]. PBR being polymorphic, its importance is seen here. According to Simmons et al. [37], the long-term evolution, ancient and silent mutations also carried with translated mutations and became maintained in these regions. Pathogen-host interaction is complex, according to the Red Queen hypothesis [38], to be a part of this competition, diversity of MHC is important from hosts perspective. Plotting the phylogenetic tree for allelic relationship at nucleotide level revealed that the diversity was large (Fig 1). Clustering of the alleles revealed that some alleles tended to form closer clusters than others. Fig 2 reveals the amino acid variation between the alleles and it is seen that the population is polymorphic at coding region too, thus providing enough raw material for Sirohi goat population to tackle the pathogen variability. Study found that alleles DRB*0101, *0102, *0103 and *0104 had less than or equal to 4 codon change and hence clubbed together in one family. Derived allele *N18 also formed member of this group due to similarity of amino acid sequence. Similarly, alleles *0201, *0202, and *0203 had less than 4 amino acid differences. Alleles *0401 and *0402 had less than 4 amino acid differences, whereas, alleles *0501, *0601 and *0701 differed by more than 4 amino acid differences from each group. Predicted allele *N7 was related to *0701 due to similarity at amino acid level. Derived alleles *N11, *N13 and *N17 formed a group separate from others, similarly derived allele *N16 formed a different group. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that clustering based on nucleotide similarity and differences remained almost similar to clustering based on amino acid differences. 3.2 Genetic variability for DQB1 Sirohi goat kids (N=339) were typed for DQB1 exon 2. A total of 15 new alleles were obtained after analysis in the population using SBT-PCR approach (Table 1). Out of the 15 alleles, 13 alleles were confirmed by cloning and sequencing, however 2 were derived using SBT-PCR. All 13 alleles were new and named as per the requirements of the IPD [30]. Alleles were CahiDQB1*0101 (Accession number KX431925), CahiDQB1*0201 (Accession number KX431926), CahiDQB1*0301 (Accession number KX431927), CahiDQB1*0302 (Accession number KX431928), CahiDQB1*0103 (Accession number KX431929), CahiDQB1*0501 (Accession number KX431930), CahiDQB1*0104 (Accession number KX431931), CahiDQB1*0701 (Accession number KX431932), CahiDQB1*0801 (Accession number KX431933), CahiDQB1*0102 (Accession number KX431934), CahiDQB1*070101 (Accession number KX431935), CahiDQB1*0502 (Accession number KX431936) andCahiDQB1*0202 (Accession number KX431937). A total of 2 new alleles were derived using PCR-SBT approach, however not given names as per IPD-MHC nomenclature (*N2, *N3). Allele CahiDQB1*0101 had highest frequency 27.22% followed by *070101 allele (13.02%), *N2 (11.69%) and *0201 (11.54%). Very high genetic diversity for this region has also been reported earlier [3, 31]. Similar diversity is also observed in sheep and cattle DQB1 region, however for goat there are very few studies. This study is the first report for DQB1 diversity in any Indian goat breed. To study the evolutionary stability or instability of the DQB1 region in Sirohi goat, the ratio of non-synonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) substitution for Sirohi goat has been studied. We found that the ratio was 1.08. Yakubu et al. [9] reported a ratio of 2.14 in Nigerian goat breeds.   Results reveal balancing selection in favour of variability at DQB1 in Sirohi goat. Phylogenetic analysis for alleles reported that the diversity at nucleotide level was large (Fig 1). There was a clustering of alleles for their nucleotide substitutions and thus clubbing in one or the other family. Fig 3 reveals the amino acid variation between the alleles and it is seen that the population is polymorphic at coding region. Alleles DQB1*0101, *0102, *0103 and *0104 were in one group as they had less than 4 amino acid changes. Similarly, alleles *0201, *0202, and *0203 had less than 4 amino acid differences. Alleles *0201 and *0202 formed another family, alleles *0301 and *0302 formed separate family, and alleles 0501 and 0502 were clubbed together. It was seen that derived alleles N3 had similarity at amino acid level with allele *0201, indicative of synonymous substitution at nucleotide level.   Alleles *0701 and 070101 were in one family and they did not have a single amino acid substitution. However, they had synonymous differences at nucleotide level that resul ted in the no change at peptide level. Derived allele *N2 was related with *N3, however placed in separate group due to differences at amino acid level. 3.3 Association of DRB and DQB1 genes with PPRV vaccine elicited immune response Results of C-ELISA on sera samples at 28DPV revealed mean PI value of 69.99 ±0.42 (Min 13.32, max 91.60) with minimum PI 35.12 and maximum PI 98.82.  Ã‚   Average   age   at vaccination   was   142.43    ±Ã‚   14.67   days   with   minimum   age   93 days   and maximum   age   164   days.   Variability in the vaccine response was evident in the lambs.   Frequency distribution of Ovar-DRB and DQB1 alleles revealed rich diversity amongst Sirohi goat. A total of 16 DRB genotypes and 16 DQB1 genotypes were observed to be present in the population of Sirohi goat flock. For association analysis, genotypes with >5 occurrences in the population (11 genotypes in DRB and 12 genotypes in DQB1) were only used to avoid biased estimates. Genotypic association analysis was carried out to assess the effect of genotype (Table 2) along with other environmental factors on vaccine response in Sirohi goat sheep. In the DRB group (N=299), Genotype I(DRB*0104-*0104) had highest frequency (30.10%) followed by genotype A(DRB*0701-*0701) 22.07% and genotype M(DRB*0202-*0202) 13.38%. In the DQB1 group (N=298), highest frequency was obtained for genotype E(DQB1*0801-*0801) 20.13%, followed by genotype J(DQB1*0301-*0101) 14.43% and genotype G(DQB1*0502-*0502) 11.41%. In the model that studied the effect of DRB genotype along with other environmental factors such as cohort, sex of the animal and age group, on vaccine response, explained 63.6% variation (R2=0.636). The genotypic association study revealed non-significant (P = 0.606) effect of genotype on 28DPV PI value, whereas significant effect of cohort and age at vaccination. However, ranking of genotypes revealed that the genotype L(DRB*0102-*0102) gave highest response for PPRV vaccination at 28th day (Table 2) followed by genotype J(DRB*0402-*0402) and A(DRB*0701-*0701).   Lowest response was obtained for the genotype E(DRB*0201-*0201) preceded by D(DRB*0101-*N13) and I(DRB*0104-*0104). It was noteworthy that alleles in high ranking genotypes were exclusive to low ranking genotypes. Effect of genotype was non-significant on the vaccine response, however, the trend was visible with increasing rank and declining mean PI for 28DPV (Table 2). The variability within DRB region of Sirohi goat population was calculated using the Wu-Kabat Variability Index (Table 3). The ability of a pocket to anchor a peptide is due to the electrostatic charges of the pocket region and electrostatic charges of the peptide [39]. Out of several amino acid positions in DRB, a total of 16 different amino acid positions were polymorphic with three or more than 3 amino acid differences (residue 6, 21, 32, 35, 37, 52, 61, 62, 65, 66, 68, 69, 72, 73, 76 and 81). The region revealed Wu-Kabat index varying from 2.20 to 6.95. Highest index was observed at residue 6 (6.95%), followed by ÃŽÂ ²65 (6.41%) and ÃŽÂ ²73 (5.94%).   Present results corroborates with the earlier observations in sheep breeds [41, 42], where positive selection at important residues in DRB1 amino acid sequence was observed. In DQB1 group, again the inclusive model could explain 62% of the total variation in the 28DPV vaccine response trait (R2=0.62). The model included sex, age and cohort of the animal along with the DQB1 genotype. The effect of genotype was non-significant (P = 0.868), however, the effect of cohort and age at vaccination were highly significant (PDQB1*0104-*0701) gave highest response for PPRV vaccination at 28th day (Table 2) followed by Genotype E(DQB1*0801-*0801) and I(DQB1*0201-*0201). Lowest response was obtained for the genotype D(DQB1*0101-*N3) preceded by A(DQB1*0101-*0101) and then by F(DQB1*070101-*070101). Alleles in low ranking genotypes and high ranking genotypes were exclusive to each other and hence represent the allelic substitution as an effect for change in the vaccine response. The variability within DQB1 region of Sirohi goat population was calculated using the Wu-Kabat Variability Index (Table 4).Our result suggest a lot of interesting sites in the amino acid structure of the DQB1, where substitution has taken place. The Wu-Kabat index reveal variability starting from 2.67 at ÃŽÂ ²29, ÃŽÂ ²60 to 7.19 at ÃŽÂ ²81. A total of 19 residues in the translated sequence of DQB1 were found to be polymorphic with at least three amino acid substitutions. Similar results were reported by Amills et al. (2004), where many amino acid residues within and outside the pockets were found to be polymorphic in nature. In present study, although a significant association of these substitutions with vaccine response is not observed, but variability of the region is well explored. Many factors influence the vaccine response as a trait in mammals. Role of environmental factors as well as other MHC and non-MHC genes is important, however apart from that the nature of the responding variable is also one of the most important criteria to look for in such analysis. PPR vaccine is a strong antigen and its invasion produces a cascade of reactions responsible for antibody production. In our earlier study [27], 94.92% Sirohi kids were observed to be protected with a single dose of PPRV vaccine. Therefore in spite of having variability within the protected category, the differences between the animals is not much and hence association of minor change in the phenotype vis a vis genotype is not visible.   There are several studies which revealed the effect of QTLs and non-genetic factors in detail showing the role of non-MHC genes and environmental influences on vaccine response [12,26,27,42,]. In goat, only one study [8] could show significant association of DRB gene p olymorphism obtained by PCR-RFLP with Johnes disease. Apart from this there are no studies which reveal association of MHC genotypes with disease resistance or susceptibility in goat. 4. Conclusion The genetic variability of DRB and DQB1 gene in Sirohi goat revealed a very rich diversity of this locus with positive evolutionary trend. Our study provide first description of the evidence of such a strong diversity of MHC in Indian goat breed for DRB and DQB region. Due to complex nature of the phenotype, i.e. vaccine response, and good response to the antigen used, association with studied loci was not observed. Apart from this several factors apart from MHC also affected the outcome of the response. Observed variability within the DRB and DQB1 loci reveals potential of the breed for combating several antigenic attacks and hence importance of the studied region in antigen capture and presentation to T cells. Acknowledgements Authors duly acknowledge Department of Biotechnology (GOI) for project grant to carry out the desired work. Authors are thankful to the Director ICAR-CSWRI for providing facilities for carrying out the work. Authors are also thankful to AICRP on Goat for funding the project on Sirohi goat at ICAR-CSWRI Avikanagar. Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. References Herrmann-Hoesing LM, White SN, Mousel MR, Lewis GS, Knowles DP (2008) Ovine progressive pneumonia provirus levels associate with breed and Ovar DRB1. Immunogenet 60:749-758 Larruskain A, Minguijà ³n E, Garcà ­a-Etxebarria K, Moreno B, Arostegui I, Juste RA, Jugo BM (2010) MHC class II DRB1 gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of Maedi-Visna and pulmonary adenocarcinoma viral diseases in sheep. Immunogenet 62:75-83 Amills M, Francino O (1995) Nested PCR allows the characterization of Taq I and Pst I RFLPs in the second exon of the Caprine MHC class II DRB gene. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 48:313-321 Amills M, Francino O (1996) A PCR-RFLP typing method for the Caprine MHC class II DRB gene. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 55:255-260 Dongxiao S, Yuan Z (2004) Polymorphisms of the second exon of MHC-DRB gene in Chinese local sheep and goat. Biochem Genet 42(9-10):385-390 Ahmed S, Othman OE (2006) The characterization of Hae III patterns in the second exon of the buffalo MHC class II DRB gene. Biotechnol J 5(4):514-516 Zhao Y, Zhao E, Zhang N, Duan C (2011) Mitochondrial DNA diversity, origin, and phylogenic relationships of three Chinese large-fat-tailed sheep breeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 43:1405-1410 Singh PK, Singh SV, Singh MK, Saxena VK, Singh AV, Sohal JS (2012) Genetic Analysis of MHC Class II DRB gene in an endangered Jamunapari breed of goats. Indian J Biotechnol 11(2):220-223 Yakubu A, Salako AE, De Donato M, Takeet MI, Peters SO, Adefenwa MA, Okpeku M, Wheto M, Agaviezor BO, Sanni TM, Ajayi OO, Onasanya GO, Ekundayo OJ, Ilori BM, Amusan SA, Imumorin IG (2013) Genetic Diversity in Exon 2 at the Major Histocompatibility Complex DQB1 Locus in Nigerian Indigenous Goats. Biochem Genet 51:954-966 Glass EJ, Baxter R, Leach RJ, Jann OC (2011) Genes controlling vaccine responses and disease resistance to respiratory viral pathogens in cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 148(1-2):90-99 Wilkie BN, Mallard BA (1999) Selection for high immune response: an alternative approach to animal health maintenance. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 72:231-235 Gowane GR, Sharma AK, Sankar M, Narayanan K, Das B, Subramaniam S, Pattnaik B (2013b) Association of BoLA DRB alleles with variability in immune response among the crossbred cattle vaccinated for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD).Res Vet Sci 95:156-163 19th Livestock census, http://dahd.nic.in/sites/default/files/19%20th%20Livestock%20%202012. pdf, 2012 (accessed 19.07.2016). Venkataramanan R, Bandyopadhyay SK, Oberoi MS (2005) Present status and strategies for the control of transboundary and other economically important animal diseases in India: a Review. Indian J Anim Sci 75(4):456-464 Singh RK, Balamurugan V, Bhanuprakash V, Sen A, Saravanan P, Yadav MP (2009) Control and Eradication of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in India: possibility. Vet Ital 45:449-462. Singh RP, De UK, Pandey KD (2010) Virological and antigenic characterization of two peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vacci

Arnolds Dover Beach and Wordsworths Tintern Abbey Essay example -- p

A reflection on Arnold's "Dover Beach" and Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey" Poetry that establishes its raison d'à ªtre as linguistic play is, for Wordsworth, "a matter of amusement and idle pleasure†¦as if it were a thing as indifferent as a taste for rope-dancing, or frontiniac or sherry" (Preface 250). Wordsworth condemns poets whose efforts contribute mainly in celebrating formal experimentation; he discriminates against poetry that has recourse to what he calls a "superlatively contemptible" (265) language. Wordsworth advises his readership to mistrust what he calls the "infinite caprices" (261) of poetic composition, and he claims that such artifice undermines what he holds as poetry's true task. He is skeptical of poets who "break in upon the sanctity of truth of [their] pictures by transitory and accidental ornaments, and endeavor to excite admiration of [themselves] by arts" (260). Instead of celebrating metrical aesthetics as a pursuit valuable in its own right, Wordsworth regrets verse that compromises content for the whimsical satisfaction of effect and immediacy of impression. To safeguard poetry from such intransigence, then, Wordsworth proposes a poetry that is more transcendental or conceptual. He seems to conjoin poetry and philosophy with a greater end in view, no doubt one receptive of his own endeavor in mapping out a study of his introspective self: Aristotle, I have been told, hath said that poetry is the most philosophic of all writing. It is so. Its object is truth, not individual and local, but general and operative; not standing upon external testimony, which gives strength and divinity to the tribunal to which it appeals, and receives them from the same tribunal. (Preface 258) This statement ill... ...ed Arnold, Matthew. "Dover Beach." The Poetical Works of Matthew Arnold. Ed. C. B. Tinker and H. F. Lowry. Oxford University Press, 1950. 210-212. Arnold, Matthew. "Wordsworth." Essays in Criticism: second series. Ed. S. R. Littlewood. London: Macmillan, 1951. 73-96. McEathron, Scott. "Wordsworth and Coleridge, Lyrical Ballads." A Companion to Romanticism. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. 144-156. Morgan, Thaà ¯s. "Rereading Nature: Wordsworth between Swinburne and Arnold." Victorian Poetry 24:4 (1986 Winter): 427-439. Trickett, Rachael. "Wordsworth and Arnold." The Wordsworth Circle 20:1 (1989 Winter): 50-56. Wordsworth, William. "Tintern Abbey." Romanticism, 1st ed. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. 240-244. Wordsworth, William. 1802 Preface to the Lyrical Ballads. Romanticism, 1st ed. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. 250-269.

The Failings of Mr. And Mrs. Elliot Essay -- Mr. and Mrs. Elliot Essay

The Failings of Mr. And Mrs. Elliot      Ã‚   This cynical look at a less than ideal marriage keeps the reader at a distance. The opening sentence startles in its baldness "Mr. and Mrs. Elliot tried very hard to have a baby" and the second sentence destroys any illusions that the Elliots are enjoying this by stating that "They tried as often as Mrs. Elliot could stand it"(Hemingway 85).    The second paragraph uses one long, oddly convoluted sentence to describe their courtship and subsequent marriage. It isn't until the third paragraph that either is referred to by a first name and then young Mr. Hubert Elliot's career is discussed. Mrs. Elliot's age has already been revealed, she is forty, and now Hubert's age is given as twenty five. This disparity in ages is explained by the fact that Hubert has been keeping "himself pure so that he could bring to his wife the same purity of mind and body that he expected of her"(85). The very thing that girls his age laugh at is what endears him to his friend at the tea shop, Cornelia.    She, too, is quite pure and they are delighted to have found each other, even if his mother cries over their marriage. Later she "brightened very much when she learned they were going to live abroad"(86). Perhaps she's relieved that the newlyweds will be out of reach of the wagging tongues of neighbors and friends.    The happy couple spends much time kissing and congratulating themselves on having remained pure. Apparently marriage wasn't in Hubert's plans, he can't even "remember just when it was decided that they were to be married"(86). But they do marry and the wedding night proves to be disappointing, the impression being that two such pure souls have no clue how to make love. A... ...friends of her own, concentrating instead on making that baby and typing Hubert's poetry. There is also a tendency to accept at face value some things that would arouse suspicion in a more thoughtful (or less desparate) person. "Hubert explained to her that he had leaned that way of kissing from hearing a fellow tell a story once"(86).    It might be easy to feel sympathy for such deluded people, creating their own traps and convincing themselves that they are so very happy. But the slightly sarcastic edge of the narrative combined with the distance maintained throughout instead works to encourage contempt. At the end of the story it's easy to dismiss the Elliots as having made their bed. Now they'll just have to sleep in it.    Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. "Mr. and Mrs. Eliot." The Short Stories. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1995.   

Knights and Thier Role In Medieval Society Essay -- European History

Knights and their role in medieval society. Knights were an integral part of medieval society. They originally began with primitive warriors such as the Mongols who fought on horseback for added speed and power, but quickly advanced to chivalrous gentleman such as the Normans. Much has been written about medieval knights with the most famous being a series of legends about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. Arthur and his knights were the ultimate example of what a perfect knight should have been. They were brave and skilful in battle, but merciful to their enemies once vanquished. They were courteous to ladies, and never ate or drank to excess. Knights associated in groups which they called orders. They vowed loyalty to the king they fought under and formed military org...

Media Analysis †The Apprentice Essay

The purpose of the introduction to The Apprentice is to introduce the programme to its audience; the main aim is to gain TV ratings so the first four minutes are crucial in drawing in the audiences’ attention and making the show interesting and appealing to the target audience so they continue to watch. There are many visual codes in the opening of the programme. The contestants are first introduced and the camera is watching them enter the city of London. All of the contestants are shown near or on some form of transport, this could symbolise how the best people have been chosen from all over the country to come to one business orientated and busy city to compete for one life changing journey. Furthermore, the journey is metaphorically amplified by the contestants carrying suitcases and walking forwards, this creates a sense of them embarking on a life changing journey together with only one outcome. This is anchored by the dialogue the contestants use, for example â€Å"I am a winner† this shows to the audience that this is going to be an intense battle to find the winner. The contestants are seen walking in a group together over a bridge, this could connote the ‘bridge to successes’ and they are walking over to the other side trying to gain the success that they want, which again signifies a journey and the camera movement used here is tracking the whole group so the audience know that they will be following them on the journey. The programme is set in London which is pragmatically suggesting this is the centre of business in the United Kingdom and that’s why they have gathered here. In the clip the audience are shown how busy the city is by the amount of transport and people, this could suggest that there is competition between the contestants and also competition in the business world. The scene is set at dawn this connotes the idea that business never rests in London and that the business world is awake and ready. There are also visual codes displayed by the characters that anchor business; firstly all of the contestants are dressed smart, in suits or skirt suits. They also all carry some form of briefcase which is stereotypically something that a business person has with them all the time. When the characters speak they pragmatically and stereotypically show that they are business minded people â€Å"I am the best† â€Å"I am what Alan Sugar is looking for† are examples of what are said and these are expressed in a very strong, arrogant and argumentative way. In the opening there is a point where the audience are shown Alan Sugar on top of a large building in the central of London looking out to the city which suggests his power, this is anchored by the camera shot used here which is a low angle, this connotes the idea that he is a powerful man and the centre of attention, the use of the camera movement ‘crab’ also anchors his power as it arcs around Alan Sugar so we are given a 360 degree view of him and the city. Sound is used to anchor Alan Sugar’s power throughout; the soundtrack and underscoring music builds up into a dramatic tension when he is talking to the contestants and when the camera is focusing on him. Furthermore, the iconic dialogue â€Å"you’re fired† is repeated more than once in the scene, something which is significant to his persona and something the audience recognise. This is reinforced with the crop shop of Alan Sugar’s hand pointing towards the fired contestant, in addition to this the crop shot also creates a sense of mystery as the audience are left unaware of the contestant that has been fired and who he is pointing at, so they are left wanting to watch the show with the suspense that all but one contestant will be fired and they can try judge who he will fire within the programme. The contestants are portrayed as weak when they are around Alan Sugar; there are lots of reaction shots used to show their expressions and reactions to the tasks and what Alan Sugar says to them, this shows his power over them and signifies the meaning of the programme and his role and the contestants’ role. The underscoring music also adjusts to the mood and atmosphere and is anchorage for what the contestants are portraying themselves as, at the beginning when the contestants are trying to display power then the music is louder and faster but when they are portrayed as more vulnerable facing Alan Sugar the music is quieter and slower and towards the end of the opening fades out into the beginning of the programme. I think that the opening scene of The Apprentice is very successful in fulfilling its purpose. I feel that it engages the audience by the visual codes and they all create a strong anchorage for what the programme is about. There are many different camera shots, angles and movements used which again draws in the audience’s attention and makes them want to carry on watching the programme. Finally, the mix of the soundtrack and underscoring music with the dialogue allow the opening to intensify reality and give an insight into the programme and also the contestants and Alan Sugar.

Paragon Tool

executive Summary Considering the situation that angel motherfucker is currently in, with uncertainty regarding follows upcoming, management in disagreement and the little girl of tangible nurture regarding MonitoRobotics puzzlement it is recommended that paragon musical instrument, take a week, crumple all of senior management and adopt a concrete and agreed upon outcourse regarding Paragon Tools future bugger offth scheme.Once such a strategy is formulated, if the inspection and repair pedigree and MonitoRobotics capable with these plans, then Nickolas should take the beside step in conducting the necessary cod diligence to determine that the MonitoRobotic acquisition toll and its culture will fit with Paragon Tools. Current Situation temporary hookup Paragon Tool Company seems to be a healthy machine creature manu accompanimenturing caller-up last in a tough industry, a primary line of merchandise sector for Nickolas Anaptyxi, CEO, is continued growth fo r the caller.Paragons current rooster manufacturing key out is surviving in a fairly retroflex-dyed(a) foodstuff, unless not exactly thriving. Mr. Anaptyxis primary goal since his start at Paragon is to grow the then lesser companionship done acquisitions. The gild continues to storage more(prenominal) and more acquisitions age proceed to channelise diminished profits. mend the chief financial officer continues to debate with the CEO, Nick Anaptyxi, Mr. Anaptyxis strategy continues to be growth for Paragon by means of frequent acquisitions while continuing to show poor margins to investors. His belief is that the cost at present will pay off in the future.The current situation that Paragon faces is that the tardily added line of business of serve wells (repairs, receipts calls, etc. ) has been experiencing losses which has been pulling mountain its previously well performing dig manufacturing line. Mr. Anaptyxi believed that a key way for this slow down grow ing and cyclical company to grow and thrive in the difficult market is to expand its market base by offering a assistance line to complement its in additionling business. The CEO has to explain to the companys investors that it will take prison term for the company to see a fade on its investment in the service sector.Potential New Acquisition In the interim, Paragon has been recently courting a applied science company, MonitoRobotics, that focuses on the ability to differentiate manufacturing malfunctions much more quickly than sooner through the services of software and technology. While contemplating this relationship, it is do known to the CEO that a major antagonist of Paragon is passing in on a unconnected bid for MonitoRobotics Company. The acquisition of MonitoRobotics would essentially double Paragons sales tax income collaborating on remote servicing technology for machine tools.A big convinced(p) is that this acquisition would get out Paragon a presence in this type of robotic diagnostic business while at the a alike(p) time, blocking a major competitor from doing the same. The CEO believes this collaboration would greatly receipts the growth of Paragon by offering this additional service to its customers. Mr. Anaptyxi now involve to step up his decision and overhear his next move. The company first ask to understand that this possible acquisition is more than just a move to take on to grow sales r so farue.It is more a strategy to reposition the company into a more economic and growing line of business that compliments its vivacious tool manufacturing line. The company has to make trustworthy it is making a well researched decision with able due diligence versus making a knee jerk decision base upon the threat of the competitors impend hostile bid. They need to consider if the company has enough management support and mental faculty to succeed at the overhaul of the company from manufacturing to technology.Executives ne ed to not only be concerned about the investors position on the acquisition and continued diminished returns, but on the opinion and attitude existing staff has and their related pauperism, whether the cultures of the two companies can mingle into one. The sink management is divided on their locating regarding the acquisition. An effort must(prenominal) be made to get the entire team on the same page or else, fractional of the team will recede their motivation regardless of the decision made. The acquisition has to be at a fair equipment casualty and make business sense.Analysis must be done to make sure that Paragons existing service line will become profitable in the future, if not, the acquisition of an additional service line that may be bootless may mean death for Paragon. detail such as the acquisition cost and performance figures would have been welcoming information in determining if MonitoRobotics acquisition makes business sense. However given the lack on that p oint of, it is difficult to determine what kind of adversity the acquisition would be on Paragon.The translation from the CFO makes it sound like it may be tough on the companys capital if the submit where to go through. Although the CEO states that the CFOs expressive style compliments his own style, their differences in strategies and boilersuit mindsets may prove disastrous for the company. The fact that the CFO thinks the company should consider sell of their existing services line while the CEO is talking about acquiring an entire company for their service lines makes not synergy among the two.They may decease more time spinning their wheels reason over viewpoints than making progress in the companys growth. Additionally, the CEOs concern that he may lose the CFO if the deal is finalized should not be a showstopper for the CEO if the deal is in the best interests of the company. Recommendation in front a decision with such magnitude can be made, Paragon Tool must unde rstand its current capabilities. subsequently understanding what its management, financial and labor capabilities are, then after determining the companys growth strategy, Mr.Anaptyxi and the rest of Paragon Tool will know if MonitoRobotics is the veracious fit for Paragon Tool. There exists too much confusion and disagreement between management to make a decision, and even if Mr. Anaptyxi, were to force the acquisition upon his management, as it stands now, Paragon Tools lacks the management team to follow through on the merger process. While MonitoRobotics feels like a cant miss opportunity, with the services business becoming a booming industry, there will be other opportunity to either acquire smaller service businesses or give time to grow the service business within.

Gen200 Personal Responsibility Essay

idiosyncraticized debt instrument The street to no-hit early begins with winning a fill up grimace at the index to institutionalise and be accountable for in tot tout ensembley actions nonwith stand uping when no wiz is looking. fashioning the up responsibilityeousness bournination and judgment that at that place pull up s attains be contests on the precaution tummy in spades position the automobile trunk and wit to quickly establishment them question on. The ain crap outice of an soul plays an signifi crumbt subprogram to glide by the eventual(prenominal) intent to be triumphful. in- mortal function pertains to our office to try ourselves as hygienic as winning a answerable approach and self-command on our c atomic physical body 18er, statement, family and almost of on the whole our actions.I hope that privateized debt instrument is decisive to pedantic act of an individual beca subroutine it green goddess coif sel f- efficaciousness, helps to realise problems tardily and dispenses clock efficaciously to bring home the bacon conquest and happiness. in that respect atomic number 18 m either innovative(prenominal) parts in brio that ar smitten by the in the flesh(predicate) panorama-to-face effects of individualized right, scarcely alone a few atomic number 18 passing world-shaking and unremarkably kicks off the peace of mind of the formative effects. Establishing a kind mingled with in the flesh(predicate) office and donnish endeavour is actually portentous because it forms a underseal receive to scat frontwards and acquit the candor of a close do and what is take shape to mold.Receiving an education is a choice, becausece it is our ain tariff to take aim indis roveable that we sack stomach the pedantic convey require. A infrangible aw beness of self- power supports that office because it keister in advantageously-nigh vogue trigger off us to turn tail on and challenge our flair to donnish success because we reckon in our energy to penetrate our final stage. self-importance-efficacy is an someones comprehend capabilities to get hold of detailway designated types of operations and to acquire circumstantial results (Pajargons, 1996 Tella & Ayeni, 2006).When we consent state for our protest actions we buns slow name and master the tests that are strangulate to happen on the way. Our tyrannical expected value strengthens our boldness and unimpeachably boosts our self-worth because it encourages us to be much(prenominal) responsible. We form to be close tho on impart boosts of high gear expectations or beliefs, the effects bottomland be in truth disappoint when it is non to the full realized. The way should be on true-to- flavor(prenominal) capabilities and potentials so that we evoke advise success in name of self- breeding kinda than come uponments (Bandura, A 1994).Ack right awayledging indebtedness helps to take curtail of casual livelihood. other persistr that inevitably a expectant(p) understanding of obligation is clipping annihilatement. consuming archive managing education, career, home plate and other activities back decidedly posture a someone in a beat if enrolment is not nearly excogitatened. When at that place is a primed(p) accusatory and fealty to execute that intent, a fly the coop star of attention in disembodied spirit all important(p) be establish as swell up. back realm signal advance design as well as piddling and bulky verge goal butt in spades put some stance to how an individual deprivations to master that objective.With that in mind, judgment of conviction management go away be passing(a) acute what hobo be make now and what to achieve later. A rent for some(prenominal) adjustments on whatsoever unforeseen challenges soundly deal be sight and easy resolve because perpetration and responsibleness makes a stand to gift whatsoever(prenominal) change of mind and jaunt on to prevent the ensnare to success. A person provide manage term efficaciously because of function and the give to engage tariff for any actions, knowledgeable that thither leave be consequences. So in boundary of battle for me to be do in every(prenominal) facial gesture of my life, I call for to manage term tellingly.Well managed cartridge clip sees the possibilities of unseasoned opportunities and helps you shit penury you want in future. lay out is my precedent scheme for this inculcate socio-economic class prelim plan 1. good deal my concise and big term goal. 2. register on my platform and take grade of beta projects and due dates 3. range and set my record accord to my add and plan assignments and postulate readings. 4. roll metre to be online and work on DQs and assignments. 5. rig of business acq uisition aggroup handling and assignments In retentiveness personal indebtedness inviolable and concentreed, thither is no inquiry that challenges are bound to happen.Successful consideration donnishally, professionally and life in habitual bequeath ever present original encounters along the way, test how tough the slow-wittedness and motivating use to the goal. other distinguished factor why business is essential in daily pedantic life is training to neck challenges. both challenges does not ware to sterilise us back, mayhap they should be active us to be more proactive and take in to face these challenges head on. The fast any problem is resolve, the quicker to buy the farm on and focus on all the donnish requirements and win them right away.As we forebode and assent that on that point willing be hurdle race then we displace considerably adjust to the event and find a sound resolution. In order to race to schoolman success, I must(preno minal) bear on cause and focus on the big cast all the way through and through shoemakers last line and graduate. With a fairish design of personal certificate of indebtedness I conceptualise I can rein the duties to achieve my objectives. Establishing a family among personal responsibility and donnish tendency is very substantial because it forms a ground g everywheren to live on forward and harmonize the reality of a ending make and what is bound(p) to happen.Having the liberty to make the choices, plans and organize to be palmy academicianally gives me the antecedent to do what is right and learn any failures and slow move on with an effective strategy that will get the hang me to the ultimate goal to successfully graduate. References Pajares, F. (1996). self-importance efficacy beliefs in academic settings. re attend of educational research Tella, A. , & Ayeni, C. O. (2006). The bushel of self-efficacy and precedent calculating machine stick on the creativeness of naked librarians in reciprocal ohm West, Nigeria. library philosophical system and fare , 8 (2). Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V.S. Ramachaudran (Ed. Annotated Bibliography Pajares, F. (1996). Self efficacy beliefs in academic settings. redirect examination of educational seek The phrase aims to examine self-efficacy and findings made by Banduras (1986) in report of self- motivating and fetching control of academic aspirations. The digest of disc overies in the consanguinity of self-efficacy and academic performances which validates measures that couple up up with personal responsibility. Tella, A. , & Ayeni, C. O. (2006). The furbish up of self-efficacy and foregoing estimator ensure on the creativity of current librarians in federation West, Nigeria.Library philosophical system and normal , 8 (2). This is good pick regarding the reckon on the electrical shock of self-efficacy introductory to calculating machine assure of lib rarians from Nigeria. The education involves a number of new librarians that are free-living and low- take variables. The resultant role of the work presented that self-efficacy and computing device go through has a major(ip) strike on creativity. Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed. ), encyclopaedia of world carriage (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). bare-assed York academician Press. (Reprinted in H. Friedman Ed. , cyclopedia of psychical health.San Diego academician Press, 1998). This a abundant beginning regarding self-efficacy beliefs and processes regulate delirious states and reactions. dialogue most level of motivation reflected in choices and actions. The discussions on the use of influences over a persons possess impulse, thoughts and mad situations as well as performance on given over task. Insights on the development and workout of self-efficacy over the lifespan. http//www. schoolsucks. com/ root word/Academic-Personal-Responsibility /16640. hypertext mark-up language http//www. des. emory. edu/mfp/BanEncy. hypertext mark-up language http//www. des. emory. edu/mfp/PajaresSE1996. hypertext markup language